Defense ministers and officials from all 31 NATO nations will gather in Vilnius, Lithuania, from July 11-12 for a crucial meeting that could shape the future of the 75-year-old alliance. The agenda includes discussions on NATO’s updated battle plan, membership funding levels, Sweden’s proposed entry, and pathways for Ukraine to join while receiving support from member nations in its conflict with Russia. While Ukraine has not been formally invited to attend, it will be a key topic during the summit. Strengthening NATO’s defense and deterrence is in the interest of both Ukraine and the alliance, as it allows for military assistance to Ukraine without fear of reprisal. The summit will also address Ukraine’s potential NATO membership, with some member nations supporting a roadmap for their entry, while others believe it is premature until Ukraine resolves its conflict with Russia. Individual nations within NATO will provide security assurances and military assistance to Ukraine, even though the alliance has not issued a formal invitation for their government to attend the summit. There are ongoing objections from Turkey regarding Sweden’s request for NATO membership, primarily due to Sweden granting asylum to individuals considered terrorists by Turkey. Sweden has made efforts to address Turkey’s concerns, but whether or not Turkey’s objections can be resolved remains uncertain. The rejection of Sweden’s entry into NATO would be seen as a significant failure for the alliance in countering current security challenges.