The leaders of Japan and France met ahead of the G-7 summit in Hiroshima to discuss strengthening economic and security cooperation. Both leaders pledged to address issues relating to China and North Korea’s nuclear and missile threats, while also committing to upholding a free and open international order based on the rule of law. They agreed to advance cooperation in cyber, space, and civil nuclear energy, as well as implement joint military training and send 100 Japanese entrepreneurs to France over five years. Japan has signed reciprocal access agreements with Australia and the United Kingdom, and the French government expressed interest in establishing RAAs with Japan to enhance military cooperation and exchanges. Additionally, Japan has approved three key defense documents, including a National Security Strategy that refers to China as its “greatest challenge.” The Japanese government plans to stockpile spare parts, expand transport capacity, and develop cyber warfare capabilities. Japanese Foreign Minister Yoshimasa Hayashi has previously expressed concerns to Beijing about China’s military activities, particularly near the Japanese-controlled Senkaku Islands.