According to the United Nations, India has become the world’s most populous country, overtaking China. The United Nations Population Fund’s “State of World Population Report, 2023” revealed that India’s population has risen to 1.428 billion, exceeding China’s 1.425 billion. This increase means that India and China account for over one-third of the estimated global population of 8.045 billion. The report is based on demographic data available as of February 2023. Meanwhile, China’s population is ageing at an alarming rate, and economists predict that it could have one of the world’s oldest populations by the end of the century. On the other hand, almost half of India’s population is below the age of 30, and the country is expected to be the fastest-growing major economy in the world. Despite a decline in growth, India’s population is projected to reach 1.668 billion by 2050, while China’s population is expected to decrease to approximately 1.317 billion. The report also indicates that the rapidly growing population will exert pressure on India’s government to create jobs for the millions of people entering the workforce in India’s urbanised industrial economy.