Canada’s federal debt-to-GDP ratio is predicted to rise and remain above its 2022–23 level for two years before gradually reducing over the medium term, as per the Parliamentary Budget Officer’s (PBO) evaluation. This is despite the federal government’s earlier commitment to deficit reduction. The Budget 2023 had projected that the ratio would increase from 42.4 percent in 2022–23 to 43.5 percent and then 43.2 percent for the following two years before falling below the 2022–23 level and declining to 39.9 percent in 2027–28. On the other hand, Finance Minister Chrystia Freeland assured in April 2022, upon the Budget 2022’s release, that the federal government was determined to reduce the debt-to-GDP ratio continuously. However, in its report, the PBO criticized the lack of transparency in Budget 2023 on $798 million in new unannounced measures over fiscal years 2022–23 to 2027–28. This lack of clarity makes it difficult for parliamentarians and the public to scrutinize the government’s spending plans.